ã€ã³ãã€ã¹ãP/Lãªã©èŒžåºæžé¡ã®äœæãçµãã£ãããããããéé¢äŸé Œã§ããéåžžãè¹ç©ãéé¢äŸé Œããããšãã¯ã次ã®é ç®ãçã蟌ãã ãShipping InstructionããäœæããŸãã
茞åºè åïŒè·å人ïŒèŒžå ¥è ïŒSeaãAirãïŒInco-termsïŒè·åãè¹ç©ã¿å°ããã³ä»åã枯ïŒã±ãŒã¹ããŒã¯ãè·å§¿ãåæ°ãééãªã©ïŒåååã
Inco-TermsãFOBãFCAã®å ŽåãèŒžå ¥è ã茞éæ段ãæ··èŒæ¥è ãæ瀺ããããšãå€ãã§ããäœæ ãªãéè³ã¯èŒžå ¥è åŽã®è² æ ã«ãªãã®ã§éžæããæš©å©ãããããã§ãããã®å Žåãæ¥æ¬åŽïŒæ²çžåŽïŒã§ã®ä»£çåºãæ åœè åãæ確ã«ããŠããã£ãŠãã ãããç¹ã«æ²çžã§ã¯æ瀺ããŠããæ··èŒæ¥è ã®ä»£çåºããªãå ŽåããããŸãã
ãã®ãããªã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯èšèªã®åé¡ã ãã§ãªããå°éçãªçšèªãå¿ èŠãšãªããŸããããžã¹ãã£ãŒãã§ã¯ãã®ãããªã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ããåŒãåãããããŸãããã¡ããããªãã®ååããæå®ã®å ŽæããåŒãåããé£èŠæž¯ãé£èŠç©ºæž¯ãŸã§ã®ééãæé ãããŠããã ããŸãããå®å¿ãã ããã
ããçšåºŠååŒå ã決ãŸãã°ãå®æ 調æ»ãå ŒããŠçŸå°ã«è¡ã£ãŠã¿ãããšããå§ãããŸããåºåŒµæ è²»ãè³ãæ¹æ³ãšããŠãå°èŠæš¡äºæ¥è æç¶å絊ä»éïŒäžè¬åïŒããå©çšããæ¹æ³ããããŸããè²ã æ¡ä»¶ãšé¢åãªæç¶ãããããæ¡æããããã©ããã¯èšç»æ¬¡ç¬¬ã§ããã販路æ¡å€§ã®ããã§ããã°æ è²»ã察象ã«ãªã£ãŠããŸãã
貿æçžæãå®ãŸã£ãŠããªãå Žåãæ²çžå€§äº€æäŒã«åå ããæ¹æ³ããããŸãã2020幎床ã¯ãªã³ã©ã€ã³ã«ããåè«äŒãéå¬ãããŠããŸãã
次ã«ãå ã»ã©è§ŠããFOBã«ã€ããŠè©³ãã説æããŸããæããã€ã³ã³ã¿ãŒã ãºã§1çªæåãªæ¡ä»¶ã§ãããçŸåšã§ã¯ããŸãçŸå®çã§ã¯ãªããšæã£ãŠããŸããã³ã³ãããã¬ã³ããªãŒã¯ã¬ãŒã³ããªãæ代ãåæŒåºãè·åœ¹ã䜿ããè¹ãžã®ç©ã¿èŸŒã¿ãè¡ã£ãŠããèš³ã§ããããã®æ代ãªãFree on Board=ç²æ¿äžæž¡ãïŒæ¬è¹æž¡ãã¯çã«ããªã£ãŠããŸããã
äžæè°ãªã®ã¯èªç©ºè²šç©ã§ãæ®éã«ãã®æ¡ä»¶ã䜿ããããã§ããè¹ã§ãèªç©ºæ©ã§ãç©ã¿èŸŒã¿ã¯ãã®çŸå°ã®ä»£çåºãè¡ãããã§ãå®éã¯è²·ãæïŒèŒžå ¥è ãæå®ããè¹ç€Ÿãèªç©ºäŒç€Ÿã®CYãCFSãä¿çšäžå±ã«æ¬å ¥ãããšããã§èŒžåºè ã®æã¯é¢ããã®ã§FCA (Free Carrier)ã§ããã¹ããªã®ã§ããããã®FCAãå šç¶æ®åããªãã
FOBãšFCAã®é¢ä¿ã«éã£ãããšã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ããã貿æã¯çžæãããäºãªã®ã§ããã®æ å ±åãæ £ç¿ã«å·Šå³ãããããšã倧ããã®ã§ããçšé¢ããCustomsãã ããã£ãŠã貿æã¯å€ãæ £ç¿ãéèŠãããäžçã§ããäžçæžåœã€ã³ã³ã¿ãŒã ãºãèŠããŠããçžæãç¥ããªããšæç«ããªãã®ã§ãã
ããšæ°ãã€ãããã®ã¯ä¿éºã§ãã
FOBãšFCAã®éã«ã¯ç©ã¿èŸŒã¿ãšãã空çœããããŸããæ ä¿ããæã«ååŒæ¡ä»¶ãšå調ããŠããã°ããã®ã§ãããå æ¬ä¿éºãªã©ã¯ã€ã³ã³ã¿ãŒã ãºãå€ãã£ãŠãã«ããŒãããã確èªããŠããããšãå¿ èŠã§ãã